{"meta":{"totalResults":15,"from":0},"results":[{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"adriamycin-bleomycin-vinblastine-dacarbazine regimen"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"BLEO/DOX/DTIC/VBL"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"bleomycin/dacarbazine/doxorubicin/vinblastine"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"ABVD"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin/bleomycin/vinblastine/dacarbazine"}],"definition":{"html":"A regimen consisting of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine that can be used in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).","text":"A regimen consisting of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine that can be used in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":{"uri":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/ABVD","text":"ABVD"},"nciConceptId":"C9509","nciConceptName":"ABVD Regimen","termId":39364,"name":"ABVD regimen","firstLetter":"a","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"abvd-regimen"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"adriamycin-cyclophosphamide regimen"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"AC"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"adriamycin-Cytoxan regimen"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"CA regimen"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide"}],"definition":{"html":"A regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin that can be used in the treatment for breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin every 21 days regimen may be used for the treatment of breast cancer.","text":"A regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin that can be used in the treatment for breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin every 21 days regimen may be used for the treatment of breast cancer."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":{"uri":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/AC","text":"AC"},"nciConceptId":"C63415","nciConceptName":"AC Regimen","termId":656900,"name":"AC regimen","firstLetter":"a","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"ac-regimen"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"adriamycin cyclophosphamide-Taxol regimen"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"AC-Taxol regimen"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"AC-T"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"AC followed by paclitaxel"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"AC followed by paclitaxel regimen"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel"}],"definition":{"html":"A regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin followed by paclitaxel, used as a neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.","text":"A regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin followed by paclitaxel, used as a neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment for breast cancer."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":{"uri":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/AC-T","text":"AC-T"},"nciConceptId":"C63427","nciConceptName":"AC-T Regimen","termId":631444,"name":"AC-T regimen","firstLetter":"a","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"ac-t-regimen"},{"aliases":[{"type":"CodeName","name":"INNO-206"},{"type":"CASRegistryName","name":"1361644-26-9"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"DOXO-EMCH"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-EMCH"}],"definition":{"html":"A 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative prodrug of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) with antineoplastic activity. Following intravenous administration, aldoxorubicin binds selectively to the cysteine-34 position of albumin via its maleimide moiety. Doxorubicin is released from the albumin carrier after cleavage of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker within the acidic environment of tumors and, once located intracellularly, intercalates DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis. Albumin tends to accumulate in solid tumors as a result of high metabolic turnover, rapid angiogenesis, hypervasculature, and impaired lymphatic drainage. Because of passive accumulation within tumors, this agent may improve the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin while minimizing systemic toxicity.","text":"A 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative prodrug of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) with antineoplastic activity. Following intravenous administration, aldoxorubicin binds selectively to the cysteine-34 position of albumin via its maleimide moiety. Doxorubicin is released from the albumin carrier after cleavage of the acid-sensitive hydrazone linker within the acidic environment of tumors and, once located intracellularly, intercalates DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces apoptosis. Albumin tends to accumulate in solid tumors as a result of high metabolic turnover, rapid angiogenesis, hypervasculature, and impaired lymphatic drainage. Because of passive accumulation within tumors, this agent may improve the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin while minimizing systemic toxicity."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C68921","nciConceptName":"Aldoxorubicin","termId":552648,"name":"aldoxorubicin","firstLetter":"a","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"aldoxorubicin"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"Adriamycin hydrochloride"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"Adriamycine"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin.HCl"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"ADM"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"ADR"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"Adria"},{"type":"ObsoleteName","name":"Adriamycin PFS"},{"type":"ObsoleteName","name":"Adriamycin RDF"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Adriblastina"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Doxolem"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"DOX"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Adrimedac"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"DOXO-CELL"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"chloridrato de doxorrubicina"},{"type":"ObsoleteName","name":"Rubex"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Adriacin"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"FI-106"},{"type":"ChemicalStructureName","name":"5,12-naphthacenedione, 10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha.-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-,hydrochloride, (8S-cis)-(9CI)"},{"type":"ChemicalStructureName","name":"L-lyxo-hexopyranoside, 3b-glycol-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1a-naphthacenyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha.-, hydrochloride"},{"type":"ChemicalStructureName","name":"14-hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride"},{"type":"ChemicalStructureName","name":"3-hydroxyacetyldaunorubicin hydrochloride"},{"type":"CASRegistryName","name":"25316-40-9"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Doxorubin"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Farmiblastina"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Adriblastine"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Adriablastin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"hydroxydaunorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"Adriamycin"}],"definition":{"html":"The hydrochloride salt of doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Doxorubicin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II which results in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication and subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals resulting in cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids; the formation of oxygen free radicals also contributes to the toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotics, namely the cardiac and cutaneous vascular effects. ","text":"The hydrochloride salt of doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Doxorubicin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase II which results in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication and subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals resulting in cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids; the formation of oxygen free radicals also contributes to the toxicity of the anthracycline antibiotics, namely the cardiac and cutaneous vascular effects. "},"drugInfoSummaryLink":{"uri":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/doxorubicinhydrochloride","text":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride"},"nciConceptId":"C1326","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride","termId":38860,"name":"doxorubicin hydrochloride","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-hydrochloride"},{"aliases":[{"type":"LexicalVariant","name":"L-377,202"},{"type":"CASRegistryName","name":"207395-85-5"},{"type":"ChemicalStructureName","name":"5,12-naphthacenedione, 10-((3-(((4R)-1-(4-carboxy-1-oxobutyl)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-L-seryl-(2S)-2-cyclohexylglycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-seryl-L-leucyl)amino)-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-, (8S,10S)-"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"L-377202"}],"definition":{"html":"A prodrug in which a peptide is covalently conjugated with the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. This complex is hydrolyzed by the enzyme prostate-specific antigen (PSA), resulting in the formation of doxorubicin and leucine-doxorubicin. Selective targeting of these drugs to prostate tumor cells occurs because the hydrolyzing PSA enzyme is localized to the prostate gland. Doxorubicin and leucine-doxorubicin intercalate into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis. These agents also produce toxic free-radical intermediates and interact with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation.","text":"A prodrug in which a peptide is covalently conjugated with the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. This complex is hydrolyzed by the enzyme prostate-specific antigen (PSA), resulting in the formation of doxorubicin and leucine-doxorubicin. Selective targeting of these drugs to prostate tumor cells occurs because the hydrolyzing PSA enzyme is localized to the prostate gland. Doxorubicin and leucine-doxorubicin intercalate into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis. These agents also produce toxic free-radical intermediates and interact with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C1853","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin Prodrug L-377,202","termId":37792,"name":"doxorubicin prodrug L-377,202","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-prodrug-l-377202"},{"aliases":[{"type":"CodeName","name":"SQ3370"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"SQ-3370"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"SQ 3370"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"SQL70/SQP33"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"SQL70-SQP33"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin prodrug SQP33/prodrug-activating biomaterial SQL70"}],"definition":{"html":"A formulation consisting of SQL70, a prodrug-activating biomaterial, and SQP33, a prodrug of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of SQ3370, which consists of the injection of SQL70 at the tumor site followed by the intravenous administration of SQ3370, the prodrug SQP33 binds to, through an as of yet not identifiable mechanism, to SQL70 at the tumor site. After binding, doxorubicin is released over a period of days, intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II. This leads to an inhibition of DNA replication and repair, and prevents RNA and protein synthesis. Compared to the systemic administration of doxorubicin alone, SQ3370 may allow for higher and sustained delivery of active doxorubicin directly to the tumor, which may increase its efficacy and limit its off-site, systemic toxicity.","text":"A formulation consisting of SQL70, a prodrug-activating biomaterial, and SQP33, a prodrug of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of SQ3370, which consists of the injection of SQL70 at the tumor site followed by the intravenous administration of SQ3370, the prodrug SQP33 binds to, through an as of yet not identifiable mechanism, to SQL70 at the tumor site. After binding, doxorubicin is released over a period of days, intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II. This leads to an inhibition of DNA replication and repair, and prevents RNA and protein synthesis. Compared to the systemic administration of doxorubicin alone, SQ3370 may allow for higher and sustained delivery of active doxorubicin directly to the tumor, which may increase its efficacy and limit its off-site, systemic toxicity."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C167221","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin Prodrug/Prodrug-activating Biomaterial SQ3370","termId":800071,"name":"doxorubicin prodrug/prodrug-activating biomaterial SQ3370","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-prodrug-prodrug-activating-biomaterial-sq3370"},{"aliases":null,"definition":{"html":"A drug-device combination product consisting of small  polymeric beads impregnated with the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. The beads consist of  polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres modified with sulfonic acid groups and loaded with doxorubicin. During  transarterial chemoembolization (TACE),  doxorubicin-eluting beads embolize to the tumor vasculature and release cytotoxic doxorubicin, which may result in both ischemic necrosis of tumor tissue due to  mechanical blockage of the tumor vasculature and doxorubicin-mediated inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.","text":"A drug-device combination product consisting of small  polymeric beads impregnated with the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. The beads consist of  polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres modified with sulfonic acid groups and loaded with doxorubicin. During  transarterial chemoembolization (TACE),  doxorubicin-eluting beads embolize to the tumor vasculature and release cytotoxic doxorubicin, which may result in both ischemic necrosis of tumor tissue due to  mechanical blockage of the tumor vasculature and doxorubicin-mediated inhibition of tumor cell proliferation."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C82419","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin-Eluting Beads","termId":637761,"name":"doxorubicin-eluting beads","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-eluting-beads"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"HPMA-doxorubicin"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"PK1"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-HPMA"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-HPMA copolymer conjugate"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"P(GFLG)-ADR"}],"definition":{"html":"A copolymer conjugate of the antineoplastic anthracycline doxorubicin and the water-soluble polymer N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA). Doxorubicin, an intercalator and a topoisomerase II inhibitor, prevents DNA replication and ultimately inhibits protein synthesis. This agent also generates oxygen free radicals, resulting in cytotoxic lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipid. HPMA conjugation enhances the permeability and retention of this agent within the tumor vasculature. Poorly cleared by the lymphatic system, this formulation undergoes increased cleavage by tumor cell lysosomal proteinases, resulting in increased, sustained intracellular concentrations of free doxorubicin. Compared to other doxorubicin-containing formulations, this formulation may exhibit an improved toxicity profile due to the lower concentrations of free doxorubicin to which non-malignant tissues are exposed.","text":"A copolymer conjugate of the antineoplastic anthracycline doxorubicin and the water-soluble polymer N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA). Doxorubicin, an intercalator and a topoisomerase II inhibitor, prevents DNA replication and ultimately inhibits protein synthesis. This agent also generates oxygen free radicals, resulting in cytotoxic lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipid. HPMA conjugation enhances the permeability and retention of this agent within the tumor vasculature. Poorly cleared by the lymphatic system, this formulation undergoes increased cleavage by tumor cell lysosomal proteinases, resulting in increased, sustained intracellular concentrations of free doxorubicin. Compared to other doxorubicin-containing formulations, this formulation may exhibit an improved toxicity profile due to the lower concentrations of free doxorubicin to which non-malignant tissues are exposed."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C1366","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin-HPMA Conjugate","termId":42904,"name":"doxorubicin-HPMA conjugate","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-hpma-conjugate"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"EGFR(V)-EDV-Dox"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-loaded EGFR-targeting nanocell"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"EGFR (vectibix sequence)-targeted EnGeneIC dream vectors containing doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"EGFR-targeted EnGeneIC dream vectors containing doxorubicin"}],"definition":{"html":"A nanocell formulation targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using bispecific antibodies (bsAb) against EGFR and containing the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of doxorubicin-loaded EGFR-targeting nanocells, the nanocells are stable in the bloodstream and the anti-EGFR bsAb moiety targets and binds to EGFR-expressing tumor cells. Upon binding, the nanocell allows for specific delivery of doxorubicin to tumor cells overexpressing EGFR. Upon endocytosis by the tumor cells, the nanocell is broken down and releases doxorubicin, which intercalates into DNA and interferes with topoisomerase II activity, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA synthesis. Compared to doxorubicin alone or liposomal doxorubicin, targeted delivery of doxorubicin improves efficacy while lowering the toxicity profile. EGFR, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed in many cancer cell types. The nanocell is a bacterially derived nanosphere; the bacterial components are unlikely to induce an immune response in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment.","text":"A nanocell formulation targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using bispecific antibodies (bsAb) against EGFR and containing the antineoplastic anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of doxorubicin-loaded EGFR-targeting nanocells, the nanocells are stable in the bloodstream and the anti-EGFR bsAb moiety targets and binds to EGFR-expressing tumor cells. Upon binding, the nanocell allows for specific delivery of doxorubicin to tumor cells overexpressing EGFR. Upon endocytosis by the tumor cells, the nanocell is broken down and releases doxorubicin, which intercalates into DNA and interferes with topoisomerase II activity, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA synthesis. Compared to doxorubicin alone or liposomal doxorubicin, targeted delivery of doxorubicin improves efficacy while lowering the toxicity profile. EGFR, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed in many cancer cell types. The nanocell is a bacterially derived nanosphere; the bacterial components are unlikely to induce an immune response in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C128897","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin-loaded EGFR-targeting Nanocells","termId":782631,"name":"doxorubicin-loaded EGFR-targeting nanocells","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-loaded-egfr-targeting-nanocells"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"DOX-MTC"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"MTC-DOX"}],"definition":{"html":"A formulation of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin in which doxorubicin is bound to microscopic beads of activated carbon and iron as a magnetic-targeted carrier (MTC). Doxorubicin, an intercalator and a topoisomerase II inhibitor, prevents DNA replication and ultimately inhibits protein synthesis. This agent also generates oxygen free radicals, resulting in cytotoxic lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. Guided by the placement of a magnet on the body surface overlying a tumor site, the doxorubicin-MTC complex delivers doxorubicin directly to the tumor site, thereby targeting and prolonging the duration of doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity to the tumor bed while minimizing systemic toxicity.","text":"A formulation of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin in which doxorubicin is bound to microscopic beads of activated carbon and iron as a magnetic-targeted carrier (MTC). Doxorubicin, an intercalator and a topoisomerase II inhibitor, prevents DNA replication and ultimately inhibits protein synthesis. This agent also generates oxygen free radicals, resulting in cytotoxic lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. Guided by the placement of a magnet on the body surface overlying a tumor site, the doxorubicin-MTC complex delivers doxorubicin directly to the tumor site, thereby targeting and prolonging the duration of doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity to the tumor bed while minimizing systemic toxicity."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C2644","nciConceptName":"Doxorubicin-Magnetic Targeted Carrier Complex","termId":38388,"name":"doxorubicin-magnetic targeted carrier complex","firstLetter":"d","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"doxorubicin-magnetic-targeted-carrier-complex"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"MNA-D"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"MNA-doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"microneedle array doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"micro-needle array doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"microneedle applicator-doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-coated patches"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-loaded patches"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"MNA-D patches"}],"definition":{"html":"A formulation composed of dissolvable small, adhesive-like patches composed of a biocompatible material which is coated with the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon cutaneous administration of the microneedle-array-doxorubicin, the microneedles degrade once inserted into the skin and doxorubicin is released from the dissolvable microneedle array delivery device directly into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Doxorubicin is taken up by tumor cells and intercalates into DNA and interferes with topoisomerase II activity. This inhibits DNA replication and RNA synthesis, leading to tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. This agent also interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. In addition, doxorubicin induces innate, adaptive, and tumor-specific effector and memory immune responses, thereby further killing the tumor cells. Delivery of doxorubicin using the microneedle array delivery system allows direct and specific administration of doxorubicin to the TME which may improve drug concentration into tumor cells and may reduce systemic toxicity, compared to the administration of systemic doxorubicin alone.\n","text":"A formulation composed of dissolvable small, adhesive-like patches composed of a biocompatible material which is coated with the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon cutaneous administration of the microneedle-array-doxorubicin, the microneedles degrade once inserted into the skin and doxorubicin is released from the dissolvable microneedle array delivery device directly into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Doxorubicin is taken up by tumor cells and intercalates into DNA and interferes with topoisomerase II activity. This inhibits DNA replication and RNA synthesis, leading to tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. This agent also interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. In addition, doxorubicin induces innate, adaptive, and tumor-specific effector and memory immune responses, thereby further killing the tumor cells. Delivery of doxorubicin using the microneedle array delivery system allows direct and specific administration of doxorubicin to the TME which may improve drug concentration into tumor cells and may reduce systemic toxicity, compared to the administration of systemic doxorubicin alone.\n"},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C156665","nciConceptName":"Micro Needle Array-Doxorubicin","termId":795832,"name":"micro needle array-doxorubicin","firstLetter":"m","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"micro-needle-array-doxorubicin"},{"aliases":[{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Livatag"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"doxorubicin Transdrug"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"BA-003"}],"definition":{"html":"A formulation of nanoparticles encapsulating the hydrochloride salt form of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antitumor activity. Upon intravenous administration, doxorubicin intercalates DNA, interferes with the activity of topoisomerase II, and causes DNA adducts and other DNA damage, resulting in tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. This agent also interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. Delivery of doxorubicin in nanoparticles may improve drug penetration into tumors and may circumvent the tumor cells' multidrug resistance mechanisms and may therefore be effective in chemoresistant tumor cells.","text":"A formulation of nanoparticles encapsulating the hydrochloride salt form of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, with potential antitumor activity. Upon intravenous administration, doxorubicin intercalates DNA, interferes with the activity of topoisomerase II, and causes DNA adducts and other DNA damage, resulting in tumor cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. This agent also interacts with cell membrane lipids causing lipid peroxidation. Delivery of doxorubicin in nanoparticles may improve drug penetration into tumors and may circumvent the tumor cells' multidrug resistance mechanisms and may therefore be effective in chemoresistant tumor cells."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C102875","nciConceptName":"Nanoparticle-encapsulated Doxorubicin Hydrochloride","termId":738259,"name":"nanoparticle-encapsulated doxorubicin hydrochloride","firstLetter":"n","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"nanoparticle-encapsulated-doxorubicin-hydrochloride"},{"aliases":[{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Caelyx"},{"type":"USBrandName","name":"Doxil"},{"type":"ObsoleteName","name":"Dox-SL"},{"type":"ObsoleteName","name":"LipoDox"},{"type":"ObsoleteName","name":"Evacet"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"TLC D-99"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin"},{"type":"ChemicalStructureName","name":"(8S-cis)-8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-tri-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione Hydrochloride"},{"type":"ForeignBrandName","name":"Doxilen"},{"type":"Abbreviation","name":"doxorubicin HCl liposome"},{"type":"LexicalVariant","name":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposomal"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"liposomal adriamycin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"liposomal doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"pegylated doxorubicin HCl liposome"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"pegylated liposomal doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"S-liposomal doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"stealth liposomal doxorubicin"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"duomeisu"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"ATI-0918"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin HCl liposomal"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome"},{"type":"USBrandName","name":"Lipodox 50"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"liposomal-encapsulated doxorubicin"}],"definition":{"html":"A liposome-encapsulated preparation of the hydrochloride salt of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between DNA base pairs, thereby hinders the movement of replication machinery along DNA strands, as well as blocks the activity of topoisomerase II during replication. As a result, this agent causes DNA adducts formation, renders single- and double-stranded DNA breakages that induce DNA repair and or apoptotic processes. Doxorubicin also generates reactive oxygen species that leads to cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. Liposomal delivery of doxorubicin HCl improves drug penetration into tumors and decreases drug clearance, thereby increasing the duration of therapeutic drug effects. A liposomal formulation of doxorubicin also modulates toxicity, specifically the cardiac effects commonly seen with anthracycline antitumor drugs.","text":"A liposome-encapsulated preparation of the hydrochloride salt of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. Doxorubicin intercalates between DNA base pairs, thereby hinders the movement of replication machinery along DNA strands, as well as blocks the activity of topoisomerase II during replication. As a result, this agent causes DNA adducts formation, renders single- and double-stranded DNA breakages that induce DNA repair and or apoptotic processes. Doxorubicin also generates reactive oxygen species that leads to cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. Liposomal delivery of doxorubicin HCl improves drug penetration into tumors and decreases drug clearance, thereby increasing the duration of therapeutic drug effects. A liposomal formulation of doxorubicin also modulates toxicity, specifically the cardiac effects commonly seen with anthracycline antitumor drugs."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":{"uri":"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/doxorubicin-hydrochloride-liposome","text":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposome"},"nciConceptId":"C1555","nciConceptName":"Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Hydrochloride","termId":39424,"name":"pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride","firstLetter":"p","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"pegylated-liposomal-doxorubicin-hydrochloride"},{"aliases":[{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-LHRH agonist conjugate AEZS-108"},{"type":"CodeName","name":"AEZS-108"},{"type":"Synonym","name":"doxorubicin-GNRH agonist conjugate AEZS-108"}],"definition":{"html":"A peptide agonist of the gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 receptor (GnRH-1R) that is conjugated to the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. Zoptarelin doxorubicin binds to GnRH-1Rs, which may be highly expressed on endometrial and ovarian tumor cell membrane surfaces, and is internalized. Once inside the cell, the doxorubicin moiety of this agent intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II activity, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell DNA replication and tumor cell proliferation.","text":"A peptide agonist of the gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 receptor (GnRH-1R) that is conjugated to the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin with potential antineoplastic activity. Zoptarelin doxorubicin binds to GnRH-1Rs, which may be highly expressed on endometrial and ovarian tumor cell membrane surfaces, and is internalized. Once inside the cell, the doxorubicin moiety of this agent intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II activity, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell DNA replication and tumor cell proliferation."},"drugInfoSummaryLink":null,"nciConceptId":"C74025","nciConceptName":"Zoptarelin Doxorubicin","termId":583257,"name":"zoptarelin doxorubicin","firstLetter":"z","type":"DrugTerm","termNameType":"PreferredName","prettyUrlName":"zoptarelin-doxorubicin"}],"links":null}